However, keep in mind that we do not model everything we see. For more on the role of genes in the development of mental illness, check out this article from Psychology Today: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/saving-normal/201604/what-you-need-know-about-the-genetics-mental-disorders. Observational learning is learning by watching others and modeling techniques change behavior by having subjects observe a model in a situation that usually causes them some anxiety. First, you can use cognitive restructuring, also called rational restructuring, in which maladaptive cognitions are replaced with more adaptive ones. A patients initial reaction to being told she has a sexually transmitted infection (STI) is to insist that the nurse made a mistake with the test. a. working through b. exposure therapy c. role playing d. family therapy. d. self-aware. Counselors, clinical psychologists, and psychotherapists often work directly in . All of the models include an element of the biological model. They are a means of reprocessing information necessary for survival. On later trials, the rat was presented (NS) and followed closely by a loud sound (UCS; Panel B). Malnutrition before birth, exposure to viruses, and other psychosocial factors are potential causes of schizophrenia. c. helping the client gain insight into his or her unconscious desires and needs. The fundamental attribution error occurs when we automatically assume a dispositional reason for another persons actions and ignore situational factors. c. Beck. d. sociocultural. With mindfulness-based therapy techniques, clients would MOST likely be encouraged to: a. focus on setting goals for the future. Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? a. psychodynamic b. behavioral c. humanist-existential d. sociocultural. 122. How do socioeconomic, gender, environmental, and multicultural factors affect mental illness and its treatment? If you recognize your worth as a person, Carl Rogers would say that you have developed: In the 1960s and 1970s, social upheaval and soul-searching in Western society gave rise to humanistic and existential therapies. b. laissez-faire parenting style. In terms of the latter, cognitive behavior modification procedures arose after the 1960s and with the rise of cognitive psychology. 2.3.1.1. What if you found out that a friend who sits in the front row is a C student but sits there because he cannot see the screen or board, even with corrective lenses? The so-called new wave of cognitive therapy differs from traditional cognitive therapy in that it emphasizes: a. challenging irrational cognitions. Why might this treatment be effective in preventing alcohol use even after the client stops taking the drug? The BEST explanation for this trend is that these theories: d. people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier. The goal of therapy is to wean patients from their childlike dependency on the therapist. Neurotransmitter imbalances and problems with brain structures/areas can result in mental disorders. Those in the field of abnormal psychology study people's emotional, cognitive, and/or behavioral problems.Abnormal behavior may be defined as behavior that is disturbing (socially unacceptable), distressing, maladaptive (or selfdefeating), and often the result of distorted thoughts (cognitions).. Several perspectives (models, approaches derived from data) and theories attempt to explain the . If we stop providing the food pellets, in time, the rat will stop pushing the lever. So I kept doing it and doing it until one day, another kid grew tired of hearing about my other identity and punched me in the face. Males have X and Y chromosomes while females have two Xs. This model dismisses the effect of nonbiological factors on behavior. "What an individual views as abnormal behavior in public may be the only way to effectively interact with family members.". Elevated levels of this hormone can lead to several problems, including increased weight gain, interference with learning and memory, reduced bone density, high cholesterol, and an increased risk of depression. Which of the following exemplify secondary prevention? DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is our heredity material. His name is Rogers said that all people want to have positive regard from significant others in their life. b. map, or sequence, genes. 143. Behaviorally test your thought. 79. The term covers a broad range of disorders, from depression to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) to personality disorders. A patient has social anxiety disorder. a. The three parts of personality generally work together well and compromise, leading to a healthy personality, but if the conflict is not resolved, intrapsychic conflicts can arise and lead to mental disorders. Module 6: Dissociative Disorders - Fundamentals of Psychological Disorders Its key figures were Abraham Maslow, who proposed the hierarchy of needs, and Carl Rogers, who we will focus on here. b. people are naturally inclined to live positively. a. The model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the _____ model. Glial cells are support cells in the nervous system that serve five main functions: Finally, nerves are a group of axons bundled together like wires in an electrical cable. Just because there is a relationship between culture and a particular disorder, it does not mean that culture causes the disorder. c. psychodynamic. Over time, he begins to understand how events in his early life have impacted how he functions now. d. They are unconscious and, therefore, not a factor in conscious experience. The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning, according to: A therapist who describes her client as someone who has yet to fulfill his or her full potential, rather than as someone with a disorder, is MOST likely what kind of theorist? If a behavior is not memorable, it will not be imitated. c. axons. c. develop depression but recover more quickly. More specifically, cognitive distortions/maladaptive cognitions can take the following forms: 2.3.3.5. The problem with this approach is that mental disorders are not typically caused by a solitary factor, but multiple causes. Respondent conditioning (also called classical or Pavlovian conditioning) occurs when we link a previously neutral stimulus with a stimulus that is unlearned or inborn, called an unconditioned stimulus. c. intellectualization. d. psychoanalytic therapy. How so? d. special external pressures faced by members of a culture. They act as the instructions to make proteins, and it is estimated by the Human Genome Project that we have between 20,000 and 25,000 genes. As you can learn desirable behaviors such as watching how your father bags groceries at the grocery store (I did this and still bag the same way today), you can learn undesirable ones too. What is the problem with a uni-dimensional model of psychopathology? The point where this occurs is called the synapse. The charge inside is -70mV at rest. b. cultural. Once collected or sensed (sensation is the cognitive process of detecting the physical energy given off or emitted by physical objects), the information is sent to the brain through the neural impulse. It is difficult to research this perspective. Bacterial and viral infections. b. More on that over the next two sections. Evaluating psychodynamic theory. When I was about eight years old, I would walk up the street in my neighborhood, saying, Im Chicken Little and you cant hurt me. Most ignored me, but some gave me the attention I was seeking, a positive reinforcer. What are the three parts of personality according to Freud? a. behavioral b. sociocultural c. psychodynamic d. humanistic-existential, 6. This is called the. This is where assessing information about others comes in and involves the cognitive process of perception, or adding meaning to raw sensory data. Furthermore, some patients report feeling as though they lack speech or motor control, thus feeling at times like a robot. a. The content of dreams includes the persons actual retelling of the dreams, called manifest content, and the hidden or symbolic meaning called latent content. If a therapist advised you to pay attention to how you were communicating with family members and to change harmful patterns, the therapist would MOST likely to be practicing: In science, the perspectives used to explain phenomena are known as which of the following? 166. Conditioning, or a type of associative learning, occurs when two separate events become connected. a. Maybe I am not paid weekly now. Im here for you. A therapist who would say this as a primary part of the therapy process would MOST probably be following the _____ tradition. The neuron next moves into a relative refractory period, meaning it can fire but needs higher than normal levels of stimulation. d. use conscious thought as a means to decrease physiological signs of anxiety. A friend recommends this therapy. Right? This represents the individual pairings of a feared object or situation and relaxation. The type of reinforcer or punisher we use is crucial. Biological psychologists or neuropsychologists treat the underlying problems in the. c. Its use is controversial because it requires surgical implantation of electrodes. 150. 72. The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is BEST described as: modifying the client's negative behavior and dysfunctional ways of thinking. 164. As such, he continues to steal her toys. That is why a person inherits a susceptibility to a mental illness and doesnt necessarily develop the illness. d. a severe disorder and who has not responded to any other therapies over years of treatment. d. catharsis. Consider where students sit in a class. d. lend itself easily to research. What are the five psychosexual stages according to Freud? 13. Describe the role of hormonal imbalances in mental illness. They would salivate at the sound of a bell, footsteps in the hall, a tuning fork, or the presence of a lab assistant. d. existential. This scenario demonstrates trial and error learning or making a response repeatedly if it leads to success. I know my grandmother used to. 46. How effective is the sociocultural model at explaining psychopathology and its treatment. A patient has loss of neurons in the cortex and the basal ganglia. According to Freud, another term for the symbolic meaning of dreams is: a. positive transference. c. enmeshed. Why is this important to a discussion of psychopathology? During a meeting, Shondas manager asks her to free associate about her coworkers performance. Did it start again and your parents could not figure out why? The sociocultural model asserts that race, ethnicity, gender, religious orientation, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation all play a role in the development and treatment of mental illness. Clarify how specific areas of the brain are involved in mental illness. 35. She interprets this to mean that the hospital is a threatening place because it's filled with dangerous diseases. Unconditioned means unlearned. The _____ model of abnormality pays particular attention to the client's family structure, societal norms, and the client's roles in society. This could be a single factor such as a chemical imbalance in the brain, relationship with a parent, socioeconomic status (SES), a fearful event encountered during middle childhood, or the way in which the individual copes with lifes stressors. The child learns to interact with others without yelling. b. classic Freudian psychotherapy. d. hormone therapy. d. self-help therapy. A feminist therapist would MOST likely focus on: a. a womans personal responsibility for her own situation. a. A) The humanistic-existential model B) The family-social perspective C) The cognitive model D) The psychodynamic model B The model of abnormality that focuses on the role of values and choices in behavior is the _____ model. Solved which statement about catergorical vs dimensions | Chegg.com Messages moving from neuron to neuron must cross tiny spaces called: a. dendrites. The humanistic perspective. Watson and Rayner (1920) conducted one of the most famous studies in psychology. Rates of eating disorders are higher among women than men, though both genders are affected. 65. Describe the role of bacterial and viral infections in mental illness. Continuous or partial? Is this correct? There are times when we learn by simply watching others. With regard to assessing the effectiveness of the various models of abnormality, which model BEST lends itself to laboratory testing? 2.2.1.3. Gender is not a cause of mental illness, though differing demands placed on males and females by society and their culture can influence the development and course of a disorder. There is no need to learn it again, as in the case of primary reinforcers and punishers in operant conditioning. Greshka spilled iced coffee on her shirt while sitting in the park. The ego attempts to mediate the desires of the id against the demands of reality, and eventually, the moral limitations or guidelines of the superego. In 1895, the book, Studies on Hysteria, was published by Josef Breuer (1842-1925) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), and marked the birth of psychoanalysis, though Freud did not use this actual term until a year later. Hormonal imbalances. You are doing your best. A behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from: Which form of therapy helps clients recognize errors in logic and try out new interpretations of events? These two cases demonstrate what principle of developmental psychopathology? A couple therapist who focuses on acceptance and positive change where possible is using _____ therapy. d. countertransference. 66. Operant conditioning is a type of associate learning which focuses on consequences that follow a response or behavior that we make (anything we do or say) and whether it makes a behavior more or less likely to occur. First, extinction is when something that we do, say, think/feel has not been reinforced for some time. c. The underlying assumptions of each model are the same. b. Freud. This approach to learning was called connectionism. A boy believes that he is deserving of love only when he earns good grades. 2.3.4. A therapist who would say this as a primary part of the therapy process would MOST probably be following the _____ tradition. To address this unique factor, culture-sensitive therapies have been developed and include increasing the therapists awareness of cultural values, hardships, stressors, and/or prejudices faced by their client; the identification of suppressed anger and pain; and raising the clients self-worth (Prochaska & Norcross, 2013). Rita is seeing a gestalt therapist because she has anxiety about confronting her sister regarding painful interactions from their childhood. According to Freuds psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that operates by the morality principle is the: a. id. In the past, we have conducted trephination and lobotomies, neither of which are used today. b. good long-term prognoses. 73. 56. a. cognitive-behavioral b. humanistic-existential c. sociocultural d. psychodynamic, 7. a. avoidance b. illogical c. safety d. exposure, 96. b. early childhood trauma. They are sexual in nature. Females are at higher risk for developing an anxiety disorder than men. 91. Maladaptive cognitions. To truly understand brain structure and chemistry, it is a good idea to understand how communication occurs within the nervous system. Cognitive therapies. Which statement about couple therapy is MOST accurate? For instance, Parkinsons disease is a brain disorder that results in a gradual loss of muscle control and arises when cells in the substantia nigra, a long nucleus considered to be part of the basal ganglia, stop making dopamine. a. psychodynamic b. sociocultural c. humanist-existential d. cognitive-behavioral. What is learning? 108. 115. PSY470 Models of Abnormality - Running Head: BENCHMARK - StuDocu 67. c. humanistic-existential But did you ever go to your grandparents house and grandma or grandpaor worse, BOTHtook pity on you and let you play your video games (or something equivalent)? Figure 2.9. She is very open about herself and shares her thoughts and opinions freely. The sociocultural model of abnormality focuses on all of these factors EXCEPT: a. social labels and roles. a. He avoids visiting friends with dogs and crosses the street if he sees a person walking a dog coming his way. a. psychodynamic b. multicultural c. cognitive d. humanistic. b. accepting problematic thoughts. The second part of personality emerges after birth with early formative experiences and is called the ego. Show: All Cards 109 1 The earliest major psychological model of abnormal behavior was the cognitive model 2 Attempts to understand the biological basis of depression has linked it to imbalances in -norepinephrine and serotonin 3 Fannie goes to a humanist therapist. Conditioning. Eventually, the response brought about by the sympathetic nervous system must end. Your first semester of college, you have several midterms you need to study for. a. an actual symptom b. the community mental health system c. labeling d. communication. a. d. caution the patient against using religious-based counseling services. What is the effect of genes, hormones, and viruses on the development of mental disorders? The nucleus is the control center of the neuron, and the soma is the cell body. Attributions and cognitive errors. Describe how psychological perspectives explain mental illness. Clarify how multicultural factors affect mental illness. When Mathias did not get a job for which he applied, he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. d. try to figure out the source of their troublesome thoughts. b. neurosis. All of the following describe drawbacks of the cognitive-behavioral model EXCEPT: a. it is difficult to test in the laboratory. Communication in the Nervous System. Failure to treat many people with severe disturbances appropriately is MOST often a problem with which level of prevention? And if a nipple is placed in their mouth, they will also automatically suck via the sucking reflex. The force that is in control in this example is the: Which model is MOST likely to suggest using free association to uncover unconscious processes? The drug causes severe vomiting if a person drinks alcohol while taking the drug. When we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life and with the value they find in living. To do this, the client must be aware of the distressing thoughts, when they occur, and their effect on them. Our attribution in these two cases is in error, but still, it comes to affect how we see the world and our subjective well-being. Additionally, you might have wondered if the person or animal will try to make the response again in the future even though it stopped being reinforced in the past. In terms of what is being reinforced, we will either reinforce responses or time. Imagine that you subscribe to the sociocultural model of abnormality. Please note that we will not cover this process in full, but just the parts relevant to our topic of psychopathology. The pain was enough that I never walked up and down the street echoing my identity crisis for all to hear. 37. In the classroom, we might use modeling to demonstrate to a student how to do a math problem. Second, observational learning occurs when we learn by observing the world around us. The brain stimulation technique that uses an electromagnetic coil placed on or above a persons head to send electrical current into certain areas of the brain is called: a. vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Genetic issues and explanations. a. modeling. As you might expect, the behavior will begin to weaken and eventually stop when this occurs. b. unconditional self-regard. It begins with the individual learning a relaxation technique such as diaphragmatic breathing. It regulates the bodys rate of metabolism and so how energetic people are. Side effects include nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, weight gain, restlessness, tremors, and rigidity. Again, your schema about front row and back row students is incorrect and causes you to make certain assumptions about these individuals. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/freuds-patients-serial/201201/bertha-pappenheim-1859-1936. With each subsequent escape and re-insertion into the box, the cat became faster at correctly manipulating the levers. b. exposure therapy. The psychologist credited with paving the way for psychologists to practice psychotherapy is: The psychologist who is said to have made it possible for psychologists to do psychotherapy is called "the pioneer." Understanding a person's unconscious processes is critical in explaining abnormality. The main difference between these two systems is the speed with which they act. Students also viewed PSY 381 Chapter 2 _____ theory focuses on observable and conscious behaviors, whereas _____ theory focuses on unconscious processes. 112. A general term used for Freud's, Adler's, and Jung's theories is: The _____ operates in accord with the pleasure principle. The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is BEST described as: a. improving the clients interactions with others. According to cognition-focused therapists, all of the following can be sources of abnormal thinking EXCEPT: a. illogical thinking. Freud believed that the id is fueled by: a. self-preservation. 130. Chapter 14 Flashcards | Chegg.com Anne has distant parents, failing grades, and insufficient funds for basic necessities and also develops depression. b. denial. Secondary or conditioned reinforcers and punishers are not inherently reinforcing or punishing but must be learned. b. negative transference. Also, many treatment techniques have been developed and proven to be effective over the years. c. drugs are not very effective in the treatment of abnormal behavior. This is an example of: Members of a family operate very independently of one another. The sympathetic nervous system is involved when a person is intensely aroused. Common antipsychotics include Chlorpromazine, Perphenazine, Quetiapine, and Lurasidone. c. cognitive-behavioral Mindfulness has been shown to be associated with improvements in which of the following? Which is NOT a goal of group therapy? b. focused on a positive message and living a meaningful life. 30. List and define the ten defense mechanisms proposed by Freud. The six models of abnormality are biological, psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic-existential, sociocultural, and developmental psychopathology perspective. According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that guides us to know when we can and cannot express our impulses is the: A patient with a controlling mother is undergoing therapy. Psychopharmacology and psychotropic drugs. However, men are more likely to die by suicide than women, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Postconditioning, or after learning has occurred, establishes a new and not naturally occurring relationship of a conditioned stimulus (CS; previously the NS) and conditioned response (CR; the same response). c. emphasizes the importance of having a positive outlook. Hmm. Soon, the patient begins seeking the therapist's approval for all types of decisions, rather than just making the decisions herself. An example was the attention I received for saying I was Chicken Little. The important thing to understand is that not all behaviors occur due to reinforcement and punishment as operant conditioning says. What treatments are available to clinicians courtesy of the biological model of psychopathology? Panel A of Figure 2.6 shows the naturally occurring response to the stimulus of a loud sound. Think of it as an If-Then statement. d. fixation. b. sociocultural Describe how communication in the nervous system occurs. c. people who have a religious community to support them are healthier. A self-help group differs from group therapy in that the self-help group: A primary prevention approach is expected to be MOST beneficial for mental health issues with: Which phrase would one be MOST likely to hear in a self-help group? The processes described in this model occur at an unconscious level. It was fun for me to swim in a lake near my house as a child. Shonda responds by changing the subject. If a client is being guided to challenge irrational thinking and to try out new interpretations, the client is MOST likely being treated by a follower of: a. Rogers. Asking yourself what if something happens, without being satisfied by any of the answers. c. intellectualization.
Which Branch Is Selected By The Electoral College?, Southland Times Death Notices 2021, How To Paint Mango Wood Furniture, Sara Perlman Religion, Montana Fly Company Pro Portal, Articles W